Pioneer Valley Youth Sports and Fitness Institute

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Testing and Evaluation: PART 2

In Testing and Evaluation: Part I, an overview was laid out to understand the importance of the testing and evaluation process.  Identifying program objectives allows for an understanding of what needs to be accomplished. The testing and evaluation process serves as a guide for program design, achievement of program objectives, and for athletes to witness their strengths and weaknesses. 

Selecting Appropriate Tests

When selecting appropriate tests it is important that the tests are composed of validity, reliability, and objectivity. Validity is the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Reliability is the degree of consistency with which a test measures what it measures, in other words, an athlete whose ability has not changed is measured two times with a perfectly reliable test, the two scores will be identical. Objectivity refers to the degree to which multiple scorers agree on the magnitude of scores.  For example, if a scorer is measuring a test with the use of a stopwatch it is important for that person to know when to start and stop the watch.  Upon selecting tests for high levels of validity, reliability and objectivity and understanding of the three basic energy systems along with the principle of specificity of training is important in order to measure athletic ability in a specific sport.

Understanding physical fitness parameters and what appropriate test should be conducted for that parameter is essential.

• Muscular strength – the force that a muscle or a muscle group can exert against a resistance in one-maximal effort. Test: 1 RM (repetition maximum) bench press.
  

• Muscular endurance – the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions against a light resistance for an extended period of time. Test: the maximum number of sit-ups a person can do.
  

• Aerobic power – the amount of work a person can perform, determined by the rate at which oxygen is utilized. Test: timed 1 mile run.
  

• Anaerobic power – the amount of work performed using primarily the anaerobic energy system, i.e., explosive movements. Test: standing broad jump.
  

• Agility – ability to change directions without losing speed while maintaining control. Test: T-test.
  

• Speed – rapidity of movement. Test: 40-yard dash.
  

• Flexibility – the range of motion about a joint. Test: sit-and-reach.
  

• Body Composition – the relative proportions of body fat and lean muscle mass. Test; skinfold measurements
  

Organizing Testing Procedures

Organized testing procedures will allow for testing to be conducted successfully. The proper amount of qualified, test administrators are prepared and knowledgeable of the testing batteries. The sequence of tests is properly arranged so the athlete will receive the proper duration of recovery periods between tests to ensure test reliability. Scoring forms are developed prior to testing day; the forms have identified the athletes name, sport and position. The athletes have been informed in advanced of the testing date so they are prepared mentally and physically.

Testing Procedures and Protocol

On testing day it is important that athlete(s) participates in a general warm-up and specific warm-up that involves movements similar to those being tested.  The athlete(s) are given clear and concise directions in regards to the purpose and procedures of the tests prior to performing them, a demonstration of the test by the administrator and an opportunity for the athlete(s) to ask questions regarding the test should be provided. Offer equal encouragement to all athletes. Anticipate safety issues, such as cleared testing areas, tests are conducted on non-slip surfaces, spotters available where necessary, and proper clothing and footwear are used by all athletes. At the conclusion of testing athletes are administered a cool-down in order boost the recovery process. 

The testing and evaluation of athletes should be well organized and thoroughly thought out.  The goal is to provide valid and reliable tests for which the athlete can demonstrate a solid performance in relation to their athletic ability specific to a particular sport.  The better prepared the test administrator is the more suitable the testing environment is for good performance.    

If there are any questions identifying appropriate test selection, testing procedures and testing protocols please email Len Haggerty at len@strideshpi.net

Len Haggerty is a Sports Performance coach operating STRIDES Performance & Wellness, Inc. in Northampton MA. As an enduring participant in sport and recreational activities he encourages youths, athletes, and adults of all ages and abilities to discover their athletic potential.